What it is
The Sand Dollar, issued by the Central Bank of The Bahamas, went live in 2020 and is often described as the first nationally deployed retail CBDC. It was designed to improve financial inclusion across the country's many islands.
How it works
The Sand Dollar is a digital version of the Bahamian dollar held in approved wallets, with tiered access and offline capability aimed at reaching underserved communities.
How it differs from crypto and stablecoins
It is central-bank digital cash pegged one-to-one to the Bahamian dollar, distinct from volatile crypto-assets and from private stablecoins.
What it means for the market
As an early live CBDC, the Sand Dollar is a key real-world data point on adoption, design trade-offs, and financial inclusion.
Primary sources
Frequently asked questions
Was the Sand Dollar the first CBDC?
It is widely cited as the first nationally deployed retail CBDC, going live in 2020.